High-efficiency solid-liquid separation technology and application

Aug 27, 2025

The core working principle of solid-liquid separation equipment is based on the mechanical characteristics of multiphase fluids. Through physical actions such as gravitational sedimentation, centrifugal force field, membrane separation, and medium screening, it achieves precise separation of solid-liquid two-phase systems. The essence of its technology lies in taking advantage of the differences in physical properties such as density, particle size and interfacial tension between solid particles and liquid media, and enhancing the separation efficiency through an external force field. Common types of equipment include centrifuges, vibrating screens, filter presses and cyclones, etc. Among them, the centrifuge utilizes the centrifugal acceleration generated by the high-speed rotation of the drum (which can reach hundreds to thousands of times the gravitational acceleration) to achieve rapid sedimentation separation by taking advantage of the density difference between the solid and liquid phases, and is particularly suitable for the efficient treatment of fine particle suspensions. The vibrating screen uses the periodic mechanical vibration generated by the excitation device to cause the material to form a throwing motion on the screen surface. The liquid and fine particles smaller than the screen holes pass through the screen, while the coarse particles larger than the screen holes are retained, achieving classification and separation. The filter press is based on the principle of deep filtration driven by pressure. It uses filter cloth as the filtering medium. Under the high-pressure squeezing action of the plate and frame or diaphragm, the liquid passes through the pores of the filter cloth to form filtrate, and the solid particles are retained to form a filter cake. It is particularly suitable for the deep dewatering of high-concentration suspensions. The cyclone utilizes the strong swirling field generated when the fluid enters tangentially. Under the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity, solid particles with higher density move towards the wall of the device and are discharged with the underflow, while liquids with lower density rise along the central axis and are discharged from the overflow port, achieving continuous solid-liquid separation operation. These devices, through the optimized matching and combined use of working condition parameters, can significantly enhance separation efficiency and ensure the stable operation of industrial production processes.